mulla sadra’s responses to shaikh al-ishraq criticism on the theory of “primacy of existence”

the mulla sadra’s ontological system and all his innovations in thisfield is based on the theory of the “primacy of existence” and “nonprimacyof quiddity”. the accuracy and validity of this theorydepends on the soundness of his arguments for primacy of existenceand his responses to the criticism and related doubts. through ananalytic approach, this article addresses sadra’s responses to theshaikh al-ishraq’s criticism on this issue. the article shows that mullasadra’s responses to shaikh al-ishraq’s criticism are not successful.